What is the Article 13 of the Indian Constitution?

Article 13 of the Indian Constitution describes the means for judicial review. It enjoins a duty on the Indian State to respect and implement the fundamental right. And at the same time, it confers a power on the courts to declare a law or an act void if it infringes the fundamental rights.

What is Article 13 all about?

13. Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights. (1) All laws in force in the territory of India immediately before the commencement of this Constitution, in so far as they are inconsistent with the provisions of this Part, shall, to the extent of such inconsistency, be void.

What do you mean by law under Article 13 define only 4 clause?

Introduction To Article 13(4) This clause of article 13 do says that any of the amendment made in article 368 of the Indian constitution would not be challenged under article 13 moreover if the amendment so made would be against the fundamental rights then also it would not be challenged under article 13.

Does Article 13 include constitutional amendments?

Supreme Court held that the power to amend the Constitution, including Fundamental Rights is contained in Article 368. Supreme Court approved the judgment in Shankari Prasad case and held that on Article 13 (2) the case was rightly decided. Amendment includes amendment to all provisions of the Constitution.

What does Article 4 say?

Article Four of the United States Constitution outlines the relationship between the various states, as well as the relationship between each state and the United States federal government. It also empowers Congress to admit new states and administer the territories and other federal lands.

What does Article 4 mean in the Articles of Confederation?

The Articles of Confederation (Simplified) Approved by all 13 states between 1777 and 1781. Article 4: People can travel freely from state to state; however, criminals who left the state where they committed the crime would be sent back for trial. Article 5: Creates the Congress of the Confederation.

Does Article 13 include personal laws?

Personal laws don’t seem to be laws in force under Article 13 of the Constitution as they are supported religious precepts and customary practice; and. The principles enshrined within Part III of the Constitution can not be applied to the personal laws.

Can fundamental rights be suspended?

The Fundamental Rights of the Indian citizens can be suspended by the Parliament by a two-third majority. 3. The Fundamental Rights of the Indian citizens can be suspended by the President during the National Emergency.

What is Part 4 of the Constitution?

Part IV of the Indian Constitution deals with Directive Principles of our State Policy (DPSP). The provisions contained in this Part cannot be enforced by any court, but these principles are fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws.